The History Of Solar Energy

Throughout man’s history the sun has always been a subject of speculation and worship. In fact, most ancient cultures have deified the sun, due to its life-giving and energy-giving qualities.

Thus, the subject of solar energy is one of the oldest subjects on Earth. It has gone through many evolutions and has been the subject of many schools of thought – starting with religion, and ending up in the field of science.

In fact, though not many people know this, a large portion of the western civilization celebrates the returning of the sun each year, just as the ancients did thousands of years ago.

I am, of course, referring to Christmas – which dates back to the celebrating of the winter solstice, the point in time when the Earth has reached its furthest point away from the sun, and starts returning.

Of course, the story of Christmas has radically changed from its original meaning. It has gone through its own evolution. Originally being a celebration of the sun’s return, it then became the celebration of the birth of Christ, and eventually wound up with a friendly old man bringing Coca Cola on Christmas Eve. But this last point is simply modern marketing at work.

The First Uses of Solar Energy

It is almost impossible to exactly date the first uses of solar energy.

But we do know that the ancient Greek and Roman civilizations, among others, made use of “passive solar energy” in their building designs.

Passive solar energy is the use of a building’s architecture to capture the sun’s heat and light.

In 200 B.C., the Greek scientist, Archimedes, used concentrated solar power technology, (now referred to as “CSP”) by combining the reflective properties of many polished bronze shields, in order to focus sunlight and thus set fire to an invading Roman fleet while it was besieging Syracuse.

(In 1973, The Greek Navy recreated this scenario as an experiment, and succeeded in setting fire to a wooden boat 50 meters away.)

Socrates and the Romans

Even the famous Greek philosopher Socrates has commented on the benefits of facing one’s house toward the south, in order to make use of the heat provided by the sun in the winter.

The Romans also used this technique, of facing their houses southward, but they took it a step further. They also installed more windows on the south side, allowing the heat and light of the sun to freely enter the buildings.

Throughout the first four centuries after Christ, Roman bath houses employed passive solar heating. The Romans built the bath houses with large, south-facing windows, to let the sun’s warmth in. This aspect of passive solar technology is still used by architects today.

With these methods, they were able to reduce the amount of fuel they needed to heat their buildings. And considering that you had to go out and chop your own wood in those days, it was well worth it.

History to Solar Energy

Solar Power History

?I have no doubt that we will be successful in harnessing the sun’s energy… If sunbeams were weapons of war, we would have had solar energy centuries ago.? These are words of Sir George Porter (December 1920 ? August 2002), Nobel Laureate in Chemistry, which today is a reality. The energy which is derived from the sun and responsible for practically all life on earth is today harnessed for generating heat, light, power and electricity for meeting global needs for alternate energy resources. Yet the concept and use of solar energy is not new. Early Greeks, Native Americans and Chinese have used it to their benefit by orienting their home and hearth toward the sun for centuries. The term solar power has today become synonymous with solar energy which is obtained by converting sunlight to electricity.

While the application span of solar energy now encompasses the domestic (including cooking and heating), commercial, industrial, farming, aviation and surface transport sectors, there are several technologies which are in place to generate this type of natural energy. In fact, solar energy has now found its place in every day use items like cars and calculators.

Back in historical times, solar energy may not have been known by any name, but its use has always been the backbone of agriculture ever since man learned to till the land and grow food or crops. We have seen the importance of this energy in medieval Europe where farmers deployed elaborate agricultural strategies to get the maximum out of sunlight for the wellbeing of their yield. Even today, sunlight optimization is the primary agenda for anyone who is involved in farming or gardening, starting from planning their planting schedule, strategizing row orientation, altering plant heights between rows, etc.

Man has always built his home to take the most out of available sunlight. Critical use of solar energy is evident in today?s urban building designs where not only the building orientation but window placements and proportions and building materials are chosen to harness the most of this invaluable energy form. The importance of solar energy was realized by first century Roman architect Vitruvius who commented that home designs must be made according to the diversity of the climate of that particular region. Solar energy when deployed to supplement day lighting techniques, homes can save enormous amount of resources by making maximum use of sunlight during all the time that it lasts. The importance of solar lighting or natural light was appreciated way back in 6th century Rome and later corroborated by the British in 1832. In fact, it was only in the 20th century that artificial methods became the primary source of interior lighting. The energy and oil crises during 1973 and 1979, made people re-focus on natural lighting, but soon the interest died due to cheap available sources of energy.

One of the areas where solar energy is most widely used today is in the field of solar thermal applications, where the applied technology uses heat from the sun to heat water and space; for ventilation; for processed heat required for industrial applications, cooking, for water distillation plants, etc.

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